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Tan Hill, North Yorkshire
Tan Hill () is a high point on the Pennine Way in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It lies north of Keld in the civil parish of Muker, near to the borders of County Durham and Cumbria, and close to the northern boundary of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. It is in an isolated location, with the nearest town of Kirkby Stephen being an drive away.
==Coal mining==
Within the Pendleian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous structure, exists the Upper Howgate Edge Grit, a coarse-grained sandstone. Found in the peaks of the highest fells of North Yorkshire, the shale layer containing coal is found above it. The shale under the northwest region is call the Tan Hill seam, which was worked from the 13th century until the early 1930s.〔http://www.nmrs.org.uk/mines/coal/yorkshirenorth/tanhill.html〕
The first records of coal being produced exist from 1384, when locally worked shallow shafts produced coal for Richmond Castle.〔 The coal found was a poor-quality crow coal, which produced a dirty, dusty fuel. But local farmers wives preferred it as, when mixed with peat, it gave a good glow, was easy to stack up over night, and easy to revive in the morning. Before the start of the Industrial Revolution, the easily accessible upper seams were mainly worked out, requiring investment in deeper shafts. By the 17th century the poor-quality coal was locally converted in simple beehive kilns into coke – known locally as "cinders" – which was used in lead and iron smelting.〔White, Robert (2002) The Yorkshire Dales. A Landscape Through Time. Ilkley: Great Northern Books〕
With modern means of transport having encroached on the valley, the local miners defied the 1926 General Strike. But with better coal now far easier to access, the last mine closed in 1929.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tan Hill )〕 Locals worked the residual upper seams by hand until the mid-1930s.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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